Which term describes the analytical process of identifying and quantifying the components of a mixture?

The analytical process of identifying and quantifying the components of a mixture is best described by chromatography. This technique separates the components of a mixture based on their different interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase. As a result, each component moves at a different rate, allowing for individual identification and quantification.

Chromatography is widely used in various fields, including environmental analysis, clinical diagnostics, and food safety, among others. It can be applied to gases, liquids, or solids and includes several types such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, each suited for different types of analyses.

The other methods listed have different purposes: titration is a quantitative chemical analysis method used to determine the concentration of an identified analyte, electrophoresis separates charged molecules based on their size and charge, and filtration is a physical separation technique used to remove solid particles from liquids or gases. While valuable in their own rights, these methods are not primarily aimed at identifying and quantifying components within a mixture as chromatography is.