Which environmental factor is essential for the effective functioning of activated sludge systems?

Oxygen availability is crucial for the effective functioning of activated sludge systems because these systems rely on aerobic microorganisms to break down organic matter in wastewater. The presence of sufficient dissolved oxygen allows these microorganisms to efficiently metabolize organic pollutants, leading to effective biological treatment. In aerobic conditions, these organisms convert organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, which can then be removed from the system. If oxygen levels are insufficient, the process can become sluggish or even fail, leading to poor treatment performance and potential issues such as the release of odors or the formation of foam. Therefore, maintaining adequate oxygen levels is essential for optimizing the treatment process and ensuring the overall health of the activated sludge population.