What is the role of activated sludge in wastewater treatment?

Activated sludge plays a critical role in wastewater treatment by consuming organic matter and purifying wastewater. In the activated sludge process, microorganisms, primarily bacteria, thrive in an aerated environment where they feed on organic pollutants found in the wastewater. As these microorganisms digest the organic matter, they produce biomass, which helps reduce the overall concentration of pollutants in the water.

The process not only helps in breaking down harmful substances but also assists in nutrient removal, making the treated water safer for discharge into the environment or for further treatment processes. This purification mechanism is essential for meeting regulatory standards and ensuring that the wastewater does not pose a risk to public health or the environment.