What does the term "micronucleus test" measure in laboratory analyses?

The micronucleus test is a laboratory assay that measures the presence of genetic damage in cells. It primarily evaluates the number of micronuclei—small, extra nuclei that form in the cytoplasm of a cell when there is chromosomal damage or incomplete cell division. This test is often used to assess the genotoxic effects of environmental pollutants or chemicals, as the appearance of micronuclei is indicative of DNA damage and chromosomal instability.

By measuring genetic damage in cells, the micronucleus test serves as an important biomarker for mutagenicity and carcinogenic potential, helping researchers and analysts understand the impact of various substances on genetic material. This makes it a valuable tool in environmental monitoring and toxicology studies.