What does the term "denitrification" refer to?

Denitrification is a crucial biological process in the nitrogen cycle where specific bacteria convert nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2) or, to a lesser extent, into nitrous oxide (N2O). This process typically occurs in anaerobic conditions or in environments with limited oxygen, such as in wetlands or deep soil layers. Through denitrification, nitrogen originally present in fertilizers or waste is returned to the atmosphere, thereby reducing the nitrogen levels in water bodies and mitigating water quality issues associated with excess nitrogen, such as eutrophication.

This understanding aligns with the professional practice of wastewater treatment and environmental science, highlighting the importance of managing nitrogen levels in ecosystems. The microbial activity involved in this process contributes to maintaining ecological balance and can significantly influence nutrient cycling within aquatic systems.