What analytical method is often used to determine the presence of pathogens in water?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive and specific analytical method used to detect the presence of pathogens in water. This technique amplifies small quantities of DNA, enabling the detection of specific genetic material from microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. PCR can identify pathogens even when they are present in very low concentrations, which is crucial in environmental monitoring and public health assessments.

The strength of PCR lies in its ability to provide rapid results and enhance the detection capabilities for pathogens that traditional culture methods might miss or take a considerable amount of time to identify. It is particularly valuable in assessing water quality and ensuring safety in drinking water supplies by allowing for the quick identification of potential health risks.

Other methods listed, while useful in various contexts, do not match the specific efficacy and purpose of PCR when it comes to pathogen detection in water. For instance, gas chromatography is excellent for separating and analyzing compounds, mass spectrometry is more focused on identifying molecular structures, and filtration methods can capture microorganisms but may not provide definitive identification or quantification of specific pathogens.